A computer voice guides 12-year-old Amir Accoo to spell the words he hears through his headphones: emergency, bulldozer, minutes. Accoo spells “minutes” wrong and is asked to try that one again, several times. Later, he clicks on a proofreading button.
“You check what you have wrong out of the spelling words I just did,” Accoo explained as he looked at different spellings of the word until he spotted the correct one and moved the cursor to it, “and you just click on it, like this.”
Accoo is in the sixth grade at Asbury Park Middle School, but because he is so far below grade level when it comes to reading, he goes to a new type of reading class each day instead of a traditional one.
Computer-driven classes are now spreading fast across the country to help bottom students catch up. Already more than 400 schools in New Jersey are using Scholastic Inc.’s Read 180 program that Accoo is learning from.
Other companies are marketing similar software, too. And, increasingly, it’s not just for the weakest readers, but for all kids, in all subjects and in all grades. Schools are deciding how much time kids should spend in front of a computer in the classroom, without a whole lot of evidence about what works.
Accoo is so excited, he can tell you how many words he’s read each day. On this particular day, it was 341.
Going high-tech to teach reading
Asbury Park Middle School has three of these classrooms with a row of computers along a wall. The students work independently most of the time without a teacher’s help.
Linda Smolinski has been teaching for 32 years. This year her students are mainly Mexican immigrants and Haitian earthquake refugees. At first she was skeptical about using technology.
“I said ‘No. My kids can’t do that. There’s absolutely no way. My children don’t speak English. How do you expect them to sit at a computer and do something when I’m not even there helping them?’” Smolinski recalled.
She was eventually won over when Scholastic, the maker of the software, showed an increase in her students’ reading ability after just three months. The real test, however, will come later this year, when the state’s standardized tests will show whether or not the program is really working.
Superintendent Denise Lowe was hired away from Central Islip Long Island to help fix Asbury Park’s school system. The district has been a favorite target of Governor Chris Christie because it has one of the highest per pupil expenditures in the state, but its test scores are abysmal. Some 90 percent of the students at Asbury Park Middle School qualify for free and reduced price lunch. That measure of concentrated poverty qualifies them for extra school funding from the state.
Lowe said she’d had previous success with Scholastic’s Read 180 software in Long Island.
“This was pretty much the first thing I told my director to do that we need to look into Read 180,” Lowe explained. She spent $600,000, which she admits is a big investment.
The downside to technology
Some educators are critical of these fancy high-tech classrooms. Newark wanted to show off its computers, but technical problems caused them to cancel before a reporter’s visit. And there are other problems.
“They’re hearing distracted voices, these unnatural voices and not seeing human lips mouthing the words,” said Sandra Priest Rose, the chairman of the Reading Reform Foundation. Her organization trains teachers to teach reading in poor schools in New York City.
“It’s terribly important to have that human interaction and that spontaneous interaction that you cannot get on a computer,” Priest Rose said.
She added neuroscience research has found that the act of writing helps the brain learn better than tapping on a keyboard. Although, she will concede the software program can offer some useful data.
Smolinski said the program provides detailed information about the students’ skill gaps every day.
“On one of our first tests, most of them scored high 80s low 90s. Most teachers would say, ‘Fine, I’ll just move on.’ I noticed that every one of them bombed antonyms. That told me that I did not teach antonyms and I didn’t,” Smolinski said.
On the second test, her students again scored well. But the data report showed that they bombed capitalization.
And then there’s the Groupinator. It takes that skill gap analysis and places students in a group with kids who have similar needs.
“It tells me exactly what they need, when they need it. It does all my work for me,” Smolinski said.
Using both old and new techniques
In Asbury Park, part of the $600,000 investment included bright-green bean bag chairs and cushioned rockers, where, after their computer time, kids like Accoo can kick back with an old-fashioned book.
“I get to read my favorite books,” Accoo said. “Right now I’m reading Captain Underpants. The book I just got done reading recently was Frankenstein. And Frankenstein is mostly about this scientist and he creates life.”
Asbury Park’s teachers wish they could doctor more of these classrooms to serve all of their failing students. But right now there’s room for only 120 students a year.
A version of this story aired on New Jersey Public Radio on April 10, 2012 and was rebroadcast by WNYC’ Morning Edition on April 11, 2012.
What is the cost of this program? $600,000 for 120 students is $5,000 per student. That can’t be right?!
This article does not paint an accurate picture of the READ 180 model. The model requires students to rotate in groups to three distinct learning areas, one of which is the computers with the software program. All READ 180 classes start with a whole group then break into three groups. One group goes to software, one to independent reading (as described in the bean bag chair part) and one to the actual classroom teacher for direct instruction. After 20 minutes, the groups rotate. This program does not eliminate the teacher or direct teaching. Instead, it allows teachers to work with smaller groups at a time to target instruction to meet the needs of the individuals. The class period then ends with a whole group wrap up. It’s disturbing to me that this article did not paint the accurate picture and that people will get the wrong idea about READ 180. Please get your facts straight and report accurately.
This article misrepresents the Read 180 program. The majority of a student’s time is NOT spent on the computer. The program components include whole group and small group teacher-guided instruction, independent reading, and computer guided instruction. Technology definitely makes the program doable, but computer instruction does not drive the program. Computer technology is used as an instructional and a class management tool. Depending on the flexibility of a school administration, the program can be taught in a rigidly, scripted fashion or it can draw on the professionalism of the teacher and serve as a framework for quality instruction.
Phyllis: That’s a good question. The $600,000 was the initial investment for introducing Read 180 into the Asbury Park Middle School. That included renovation of three classrooms and the purchase of new computers, headsets and furniture. Hopefully, some of these overhead items will not need to be replaced each year and the $5000 per pupil cost for the first year of the reading class will go down over time.
Ms. Gillispie and Ms. Dallmeyer: Thank you for your comments. You make good points. In my original draft, I explained the three station rotation of computers, independent reading and small group activity and made it clear that students were on the computer for only part of the hour. But, unfortunately, because of radio time constraints, this was cut. Your comments make me realize that I should include this on our website. However, from my reporting, I learned that the computer time is the most critical part of the Read 180 program. This is where all the data comes from that can assess students’ weaknesses and guide the instruction.
Jill, I applaud the attempt to make improvements to get these children reading better. How much of the $600,000 did the Read 180 program cost for those 120 students?
At $600,000 for 120 students per year, it will take 20 years to get the per student cost down to $250 and 200 years to get the per student cost down to $25. The latter being the per student price level of currently available very effective reading intervention solutions.
For $600,000, they could have purchased a $100 tablet and a $20 reading program for 5,000 students!